基于项的控件

QListWidgetItem类

【实例1-1】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个列表控件。要求在列表控件中显示项，设置背景色

代码如下：

import sys
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
)


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("QListWidget")
        
        # 创建垂直布局并设置为当前控件的布局方式
        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建列表控件
        self.listwidget = QListWidget()
        self.listwidget.setFont(QFont("黑体", 14))
        self.listwidget.setStyleSheet("background-color:yellowgreen")
        # 添加到布局控件中
        vbox.addWidget(self.listwidget)
        
        # 插入项
        self.listwidget.insertItem(0, "python")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(1, "go")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(2, "c++")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

【实例1-2】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个列表控件、4个按钮控件。这4个按钮分别实现添加项、编辑项、删除项、排序的作用。

代码如下：

import sys
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
)

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("QListWidget QListWidgetItem")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)
        # 创建4个按钮
        btn_add = QPushButton("添加")
        btn_edit = QPushButton("编辑")
        btn_remove = QPushButton("删除")
        btn_sort = QPushButton("排序")

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addWidget(btn_add)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_edit)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_remove)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_sort)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)
        # 使用信号/槽
        btn_add.clicked.connect(self.add_item)
        btn_edit.clicked.connect(self.edit_item)
        btn_remove.clicked.connect(self.remove_item)
        btn_sort.clicked.connect(self.sort_item)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_add)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_edit)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_remove)
        hbox.addWidget(btn_sort)

        # 创建列表控件
        self.listwidget = QListWidget()
        self.listwidget.setFont(QFont("黑体", 14))
        vbox.addWidget(self.listwidget)

    def add_item(self):
        row = self.listwidget.currentRow()
        title = "添加项"
        data, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, title, title)  # 弹出对话框
        if ok and data is not None:
            self.listwidget.insertItem(row, data)

    def edit_item(self):
        item = self.listwidget.currentItem()
        if item is not None:
            title = "编辑项"
            data, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
                self, title, title, QLineEdit.EchoMode.Normal, item.text()
            )
            if ok and data is not None:
                item.setText(data)

    def remove_item(self):
        row = self.listwidget.currentRow()
        item = self.listwidget.item(row)
        if item == None:
            return
        title1 = "删除项"
        title2 = "确定要删除？"
        reply = QMessageBox.question(
            self, title1, title2, QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
        )
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            self.listwidget.takeItem(row)

    def sort_item(self):
        self.listwidget.sortItems()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

【实例1-3】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个列表控件。在列表控件中右击会弹出上下文菜单，菜单命令包含添加、编辑、删除、全选、反选、全不选。

代码如下：

"""
创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个列表控件。在列表控件中右击会弹出上下文菜单，菜单命令包含添加、编辑、删除、全选、反选、全不选
"""

import sys
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
    QMenu,
)
from PySide6.QtCore import Qt


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("QListWidget QListWidgetItem")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建列表控件
        self.listwidget = QListWidget()
        self.listwidget.setFont(QFont("黑体", 14))
        vbox.addWidget(self.listwidget)

    def contextMenuEvent(self, event):
        """在PyQt中，contextMenuEvent用于处理右键菜单事件，当用户右击部件时会触发。"""
        contextMenu = QMenu(self)
        contextMenu.addAction("添加").triggered.connect(self.add_item)
        contextMenu.addAction("编辑").triggered.connect(self.edit_item)
        contextMenu.addAction("删除").triggered.connect(self.remove_item)
        contextMenu.addSeparator()  # 添加分割线
        contextMenu.addAction("全选").triggered.connect(self.select_all)
        contextMenu.addAction("反选").triggered.connect(self.inverse_select)
        contextMenu.addAction("全不选").triggered.connect(self.select_none)
        contextMenu.exec(event.globalPos())

    def add_item(self):
        """插入新项"""
        row = self.listwidget.currentRow()  # 获取当前选中项的index
        print(row)
        title = "添加项"
        data, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, title, title)
        if ok and data is not None:
            self.listwidget.insertItem(row, data)

    def edit_item(self):
        """编辑项"""
        item = self.listwidget.currentItem()
        if item is not None:
            title = "编辑项"
            data, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
                self, title, title, QLineEdit.EchoMode.Normal, item.text()
            )
            if ok and data is not None:
                item.setText(data)

    def remove_item(self):
        """删除项"""
        row = self.listwidget.currentRow()
        item = self.listwidget.item(row)
        if item == None:
            return
        title1 = "删除项"
        title2 = "确定要删除？"
        reply = QMessageBox.question(
            self, title1, title2, QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
        )
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            self.listwidget.takeItem(row)

    def select_all(self):
        """选择所有项"""
        count = self.listwidget.count()
        for i in range(count):
            item = self.listwidget.item(i)
            item.setCheckState(Qt.Checked)

    def inverse_select(self):
        """反选"""
        count = self.listwidget.count()
        for i in range(count):
            item = self.listwidget.item(i)
            if item.checkState() == Qt.Unchecked:
                item.setCheckState(Qt.Checked)
            else:
                item.setCheckState(Qt.Unchecked)

    def select_none(self):
        """全不选"""
        count = self.listwidget.count()
        for i in range(count):
            item = self.listwidget.item(i)
            item.setCheckState(Qt.Unchecked)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

表格控件QTableWidget

【实例1-4】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个表格控件。设置表格控件的表头，并添加两行数据。

代码如下：

"""
创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个列表控件。在列表控件中右击会弹出上下文菜单，菜单命令包含添加、编辑、删除、全选、反选、全不选
"""

import sys
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
    QMenu,
    QTabWidget,
    QTableWidget,
    QTableWidgetItem,
)
from PySide6.QtCore import Qt


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("QListWidget QListWidgetItem")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建表格控件
        tableWidget = QTableWidget()
        tableWidget.setRowCount(3)  # 设置行数
        tableWidget.setColumnCount(5)  # 设置列数
        tableWidget.setFont(QFont("等线", 12))
        vbox.addWidget(tableWidget)

        # 设置表头
        header = ["学号", "姓名", "语文成绩", "数学成绩", "总分"]
        for i, h in enumerate(header):
            tableWidget.setItem(0, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))

        # 插入第一行数据
        row1 = ["001", "孙悟空", "90", "90", "180"]
        for i, h in enumerate(row1):
            tableWidget.setItem(1, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))
            
        # 插入第二行数据
        row2 = ["002", "猪八戒", "90", "90", "180"]
        for i, h in enumerate(row2):
            tableWidget.setItem(2, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

QTableWidgetItem类

使用QTableWidgetItem类创建表格控件的表格项。

【实例1-5】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个表格控件、5个按钮控件。这5个按钮分别实现添加列、删除列、添加行、删除行、全选含有文本的表格项的功能。

代码如下：

"""
创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个表格控件、5个按钮控件。这5个按钮分别实现添加列、删除列、添加行、删除行、全选含有文本的表格项的功能
"""

import sys
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
    QMenu,
    QTabWidget,
    QTableWidget,
    QTableWidgetItem,
)
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont, Qt


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("QListWidget QListWidgetItem")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建4个按钮
        btnAddColumn = QPushButton("添加列")
        btnRemoveColumn = QPushButton("删除列")
        btnAddRow = QPushButton("添加行")
        btnRemoveRow = QPushButton("删除行")
        btnSelectAll = QPushButton("全选")
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addWidget(btnAddColumn)
        hbox.addWidget(btnRemoveColumn)
        hbox.addWidget(btnAddRow)
        hbox.addWidget(btnRemoveRow)
        hbox.addWidget(btnSelectAll)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)

        # 使用信号/槽
        btnAddColumn.clicked.connect(self.add_column)
        btnRemoveColumn.clicked.connect(self.remove_column)
        btnAddRow.clicked.connect(self.add_row)
        btnRemoveRow.clicked.connect(self.remove_row)
        btnSelectAll.clicked.connect(self.slect_all)

        # 创建表格控件
        self.tableWidget = QTableWidget()
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(3)  # 设置行数
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(5)  # 设置列数
        self.tableWidget.setFont(QFont("等线", 12))
        vbox.addWidget(self.tableWidget)

        # 设置表头
        header = ["学号", "姓名", "语文成绩", "数学成绩", "总分"]
        for i, h in enumerate(header):
            self.tableWidget.setItem(0, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))

        # 插入第一行数据
        row1 = ["001", "孙悟空", "90", "90", "180"]
        for i, h in enumerate(row1):
            self.tableWidget.setItem(1, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))

        # 插入第二行数据
        row2 = ["002", "猪八戒", "90", "90", "180"]
        for i, h in enumerate(row2):
            self.tableWidget.setItem(2, int(i), QTableWidgetItem(h))

    def add_column(self):
        """添加列"""
        count = self.tableWidget.columnCount()
        if count == 0:
            self.tableWidget.insertColumn(0)
        else:
            self.tableWidget.insertColumn(count)

    def remove_column(self):
        num = self.tableWidget.currentColumn()
        if num == None:
            return

        title1 = "删除项"
        title2 = "确定要删除这一列？"
        reply = QMessageBox.question(
            self, title1, title2, QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
        )
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            self.tableWidget.removeColumn(num)

    def add_row(self):
        """添加行"""
        count = self.tableWidget.rowCount()
        if count == 0:
            self.tableWidget.insertRow(0)
        else:
            self.tableWidget.insertRow(count)

    def remove_row(self):
        """删除项"""
        row = self.tableWidget.currentRow()
        if row == None:
            return
        title1 = "删除行"
        title2 = "确定要删除？"
        reply = QMessageBox.question(
            self, title1, title2, QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
        )
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            self.tableWidget.removeRow(row)

    def slect_all(self):
        """选择所有项"""
        rowNum = self.tableWidget.rowCount()
        colNum = self.tableWidget.columnCount()
        for i in range(rowNum):
            for j in range(colNum):
                item = self.tableWidget.item(i, j)
                if item is not None:
                    item.setCheckState(Qt.Checked)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

使用表格控件处理CSV文件

在PySide6中，可以使用表格控件(QTableWidget)处理CSV文件，不过这需要应用Python内置模块CSV。

【实例1-6】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个表格控件、两个按压按钮。这两个按钮分别实现打开CSV文件、保存CSV文件的功能。

代码如下：

"""
创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个表格控件、两个按压按钮。这两个按钮分别实现打开CSV文件、保存CSV文件的功能。
"""

import sys, os, csv
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
    QMenu,
    QTabWidget,
    QTableWidget,
    QTableWidgetItem,
    QFileDialog,
)
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont, Qt


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 260)
        self.setWindowTitle("处理CSV文件")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建2个按钮
        btnOpen = QPushButton("打开CSV文件")
        btnClose = QPushButton("保存CSV文件")
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addWidget(btnOpen)
        hbox.addWidget(btnClose)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)

        # 使用信号/槽
        btnOpen.clicked.connect(self.open_csv)
        btnClose.clicked.connect(self.save_csv)

        # 创建表格控件
        self.tableWidget = QTableWidget()
        self.tableWidget.setFont(QFont("等线", 12))
        vbox.addWidget(self.tableWidget)

    def open_csv(self):
        """打开csv文件"""
        src_file, file = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
            self, "打开文件", "D:\\", "CSV文件(*.csv)"
        )
        if os.path.exists(src_file) == False:
            return
        self.tableWidget.clear()  # 清空表格中的内容
        # 根据文件类型设置编码方式为gbk货utf-8
        with open(src_file, mode="r") as f:
            reader = csv.reader(f)
            data = list()
            # 将reader的数据添加到二维列表data中
            for row in reader:
                temp = list()
                for j in row:
                    temp.append(str(j))
                data.append(temp)
            # 根据二维列表的行数、列数创建表格控件
            rowNum = len(data) - 1
            colummNum = len(data[0])
            self.tableWidget.setRowCount(rowNum)
            self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(colummNum)
            self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(data[0])  # 设置首行
            for i in range(rowNum):
                for j in range(colummNum):
                    cell = QTableWidgetItem()
                    cell.setText(data[i + 1][j])
                    self.tableWidget.setItem(i, j, cell)

    def save_csv(self):
        """保存CSV文件"""
        data_list = list()
        fileName, file = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
            self, "保存文件", "D:\\", "CSV文件(*.csv)"
        )
        if fileName == "":
            return
        temp1 = list()
        rowNum = self.tableWidget.columnCount()
        colummNum = self.tableWidget.rowCount() - 1
        # 将表头数据添加到data_list列表中
        for j in range(colummNum):
            temp1.append(self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(j).text())
        data_list.append(temp1)
        print(data_list)
        # 将表格数据添加到data_list列表中
        for i in range(rowNum):
            temp2 = list()
            for j in range(colummNum):
                item = self.tableWidget.item(i, j)
                temp2.append(item.text())
            data_list.append(temp2)
        # 向CSV中写入数据
        with open(fileName, mode="w", encoding="utf-8-sig", newline="") as f:
            writer = csv.writer(f)
            writer.writerows(data_list)  # 写入多行数据


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

树结构控件QTreeWidget及其项QTreeWidgetItem

使用QTreeWidgetItem类表示树结构控件的项，使用QTreeWidgetItem类可以定义项中的文字和图标。

QTreeWidget类是QTreeView类的子类。

【实例1-7】 创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个树结构控件、一个标签控件。向树结构控件中添加两列数据，如果选中包含两列数据的项，则标签显示对应的信息。

代码如下：

"""
创建一个窗口，该窗口包含一个树结构控件、一个标签控件。向树结构控件中添加两列数据，如果选中包含两列数据的项，则标签显示对应的信息
"""

import sys, os, csv
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont
from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication,
    QWidget,
    QVBoxLayout,
    QListWidget,
    QPushButton,
    QHBoxLayout,
    QInputDialog,
    QLineEdit,
    QMessageBox,
    QMenu,
    QTabWidget,
    QTableWidget,
    QTableWidgetItem,
    QFileDialog,
    QLabel,
    QTreeWidget,
    QTreeWidgetItem,
)
from PySide6.QtGui import QFont, Qt


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 560, 360)
        self.setWindowTitle("处理CSV文件")

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        # 创建数结构控件
        self.treeWidget = QTreeWidget()
        self.treeWidget.setFont(QFont("黑体", 12))
        self.label = QLabel("提示：")
        self.label.setFont(QFont("楷体", 14))
        vbox.addWidget(self.treeWidget)
        vbox.addWidget(self.label)

        # 树结构中添加表头数据
        self.treeWidget.setColumnCount(2)
        header = QTreeWidgetItem()
        header.setText(0, "地区范围")
        header.setText(1, "人口范围（万人）")
        header.setTextAlignment(0, Qt.AlignLeft)
        header.setTextAlignment(1, Qt.AlignLeft)
        self.treeWidget.setHeaderItem(header)

        # 添加顶层项
        self.topItem1 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.treeWidget)
        self.topItem1.setText(0, "东北")
        child_1 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem1, ["黑龙江", "31119"])
        child_2 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem1, ["吉林", "12334"])
        child_3 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem1, ["辽宁", "234324"])
        child_4 = QTreeWidgetItem(child_3, ["沈阳", "12312"])
        child_5 = QTreeWidgetItem(child_3, ["大连", "123412"])

        # 添加顶层项
        self.topItem2 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.treeWidget)
        self.topItem2.setText(0, "华南")
        child_1 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem2, ["广东", "31119"])
        child_2 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem2, ["深圳", "12334"])
        child_3 = QTreeWidgetItem(self.topItem2, ["广西", "234324"])
        child_4 = QTreeWidgetItem(child_1, ["南沙", "12312"])
        child_5 = QTreeWidgetItem(child_1, ["番禺", "123412"])

        # 展开所有项目
        self.treeWidget.expandAll()

        # 点击项槽函数
        self.treeWidget.itemClicked.connect(self.clicked_treeWidgt)

    def clicked_treeWidgt(self, item, column):
        if item.text(1) != "":
            string = f"地区范围：{item.text(0)}, 人口数量（万人）：{item.text(1)}"
            self.label.setText(string)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Window()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())